This presentation provides a summary of the results of the SAVE-IT program. It was delivered during the “Human Factors at the Interface Session,” G19, at the 2008 SAE Government/Industry Meeting in Washington, D.C., on May 13.
Results of the SAVE-IT Program (PPT)

The SAVE-IT program has two phases and the activities in each phase are referred by task number. Most of the tasks were worked on in both phases; however, several tasks were specific to a particular phase. In addition, in Phase 2, several tasks were combined when the final reports were written. As a result, there is only partial parallelism in the task numbering between phases.

Final Reports for SAVE-IT Phase II

• Driving Task Demand (Task 2c)
  • Driving Task Demand (MS Word)
• Performance (Task 3c)
  • Driving Performance (MS Word)
• Distraction Mitigation (Task 4c)
  • Distraction Mitigation Evaluation (MS Word)
• Cognitive Distraction (Task 5c)
  • Algorithms to Assess Cognitive Distraction (MS Word)
• Telematics Demand (Task 6c)
  • Technique for Identifying Cognitive Demands from In-Vehicle Device Use while Driving (MS Word)
• Visual Distraction (Task 7c)
  • A Final Report of Safety Vehicles Using Adaptive Interface Technology: Visual Distraction (MS Word)
• Safety Warning Systems (Task 9c)
  • Advanced Safety Warning Countermeasures (MS Word)
• Data Fusion for Safety Warning Countermeasures (Task 11)
  • Data Fusion for Distraction Mitigation and Safety Warning Countermeasures (MS Word)
• SAVE IT System Integration
  • System Integration (MS Word)
• Simulator Evaluations of SAVE-IT Prototype System (Task 14a)
  • Ford SAVE-IT Update to NHTSA (PDF)
  • SAVE-IT 1 LDW Objective Results (PDF)
  • SAVE-IT 2 FCW Objective Results (PDF)
  • A Final Report of Safety Vehicle(s) using adaptive Interface Technology (SAVE-IT) Program (PDF)
• On-Road Evaluation of SAVE-IT Prototype System (Task 14c)
  • On-Road Evaluation of the SAVE-IT Vehicle Prototype - Task 14C (MS Word)
• SAVE-IT Summary and Benefits Estimation (Task 15)
  • SAVE-IT Final Summary (MS Word)

Final Reports for SAVE-IT Phase I

• Scenario Identification (Task 1)
  • Distracted-Driving Scenarios: A Synthesis of Literature, 2001 Crashworthiness Data System (CDS) Data, and Expert Feedback (PDF)
  • Crashes and Driver Distraction: A Review of Databases, Crash Scenarios, and Distracted-Driving Scenarios (MS Word)
• Driving Task Demand (Task 2)
  • Estimating Driving Task Demand from Crash Probabilities: A Review of the Literature and Assessment of Crash Databases (PDF)
  • Using Michigan Highway Safety Information System (HSIS) Data for Estimating Driving Task Demand (PDF)
  • Visual Demand of Curves and Fog-Limited Sight Distance and Its Relationship to Brake Response Time (MS Word)
• Performance (Task 3)
  • Typical Values for Driving Performance with Emphasis on the Standard Deviation of Lane Position: A Summary of the Literature (PDF)
  • Driving Performance for Dialing, Radio Tuning, and Destination Entry while Driving Straight Roads (PDF)
• Distraction Mitigation (Task 4)
  • A Literature Review of Distraction Mitigation Strategies (PDF)
  • Experiments for Distraction Mitigation Strategies (PDF)
• Cognitive Distraction (Task 5)
  • A Literature Review of Cognitive Distraction (PDF)
  • Final Report: Phase 1 (PDF)
• Telematics (Task 6)
  • Task Time and Glance Measures of the Use of Telematics: A Tabular Summary of the Literature (with Appendix A) (PDF)
  • Identify Demand Levels of Telematic Tasks (PDF)
• Visual Distraction (Task 7)
  • A Literature Review of Visual Distraction Research (PDF)
  • Visual Distraction Research (PDF)
• Intent (Task 8)
  • A Literature Review of Intent Inference (PDF)
  • Intent Inference (PDF)
• Safety Warning Countermeasures (Task 9)
  • A Literature Review of Safety Warning Countermeasures (MS Word)
  • Safety Warning Countermeasures (PDF)
• Technology Review (PDF) (Task 10)

• Delphi Electronics. Delphi and U.S. Department of Transportation Enter Into Second Phase of 'SAVE-IT' Research
  Delphi, U.S. government work together to address 'driver distraction' issue
  Delphi showcases prototype vehicle at Convergence 2004
  Press release: October 20, 2004. View Article

• Phase I SAVE-IT Briefing, August 12, 2003, Washington, D.C. Overview (PPT)
  • Task 1: Scenario Identification (PPT)
  • Task 2: Driving Task Demand (PPT)
  • Task 3: Performance (PPT)
  • Task 4: Distraction Mitigation (PPT)
  • Task 5: Cognitive Distraction (PPT)
  • Task 6: Telematics (PPT)
  • Task 7: Visual Distraction (PPT)
  • Task 8: Intent (PPT)
  • Task 9: Safety Warning Countermeasures (PPT)

• Delphi Electronics. Delphi Corporation Selected to Lead Comprehensive Driver Distraction Research Program. Press release: October 30, 2002.
  View Article

• Contract (MS Word)

• A Public Release - Proposal from Delphi Delco Electronics Systems for the SAfety VEhicle(s) using adaptive Interface Technology (SAVE-IT) Program (DTRS57-02-R-20003) (MS Word)

SAVE-IT Publications as of September 15, 2008

Journal Articles

• Donmez, B., Boyle, L., & Lee, J. D. (2006). The impact of driver distraction mitigation strategies on driving performance. Human Factors, 48(4), 785-804.
• Donmez, B., Boyle, L., & Lee, J. D. (In press). Accounting for the covariate effects in driving simulator studies. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science.
• Donmez, B., Boyle, L., Lee, J. D., & Scott, G. (2006). Safety implications of providing real-time feedback to distracted drivers. Accident Analysis and Prevention.
• Donmez, B., Boyle, L. N., & Lee, J. D. (2006b). Drivers' attitudes toward imperfect distraction mitigation strategies. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology, 9(6), 387-398.
• Donmez, B., Boyle, L. N., & Lee, J. D. (2006c). Driving simulator experiments: Power for repeated measures vs. completely randomized designs. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 50th Annual Meeting (pp. 2336-2339). Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
• Donmez, B., Boyle, L. N., & Lee, J. D. (In press). Designing feedback to mitigate distraction. In M. A. Regan, J. D. Lee & K. L. Young (Eds.), Driver Distraction: Theory, Effects, and Mitigation: CRC Press.
• Donmez, B., Boyle, L. N., Lee, J. D., & McGehee, D. V. (2005). Driver acceptance of distraction mitigation strategies: Focus group and simulator studies. Transportation Research Board.
• Lee, Y. C., Lee, J. D., & Boyle, L. N. (in press). The effect of voice interaction on drivers’ guidance of attention. Driver Assessment.
• Lee, Y. C., Lee, J. D., & Boyle, L. N. (2007). Visual attention in driving: The effects of cognitive load and visual disruption. Human Factors, 49(4), 721-733.Lee, Y. C., Lee, J. D., & Boyle, L. N. (Submitted). Cognitive distraction in driving: Effect of cognitive load on drivers’ endogenous control of attention. Human Factors.
• Liang, Y., & Lee, J. D. (in press). Comparing Support Vector Machines (SVMs) and Bayesian Networks (BNs) in detecting driver cognitive distraction using eye movements. In R. Hammoud (Ed.), Computer Aided Eye Monitoring: Springer.
• Liang, Y., Lee, J. D., & Reyes, M. L. (2007). Nonintrusive detection of driver cognitive distraction in real time using Bayesian networks. Transportation Research Record, 2018, 1-8.
• Liang, Y., Reyes, M. L., & Lee, J. D. (In press-a). Non-intrusive detection of driver cognitive distraction in real-time using Bayesian networks. Transportation Research Record.
• Liang, Y., Reyes, M. L., & Lee, J. D. (2007). Real-time detection of driver cognitive distraction using Support Vector Machines. IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems, 8(2), 340-350.
• Reyes, M. L., & Lee, J. D. (in press). Effects of cognitive load presence and duration on driver eye movements and event detection performance. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology.
• Smith, M. R. H., Witt, G. J., Bakowski, D. L., Leblanc, D., & Lee, J. D. (In preparation). Adaptive collision warnings to mitigate distraction. In M. A. Regan, J. D. Lee & K. L. Young (Eds.), Driver Distraction: Theory, Effects, and Mitigation: CRC Press.
• Sohn, H., Lee, J. D., Bricker, D. L., & Hoffman, J. D. (Submitted). A dynamic programming model for scheduling in-vehicle message display. IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems.
• Zhang, Harry., Smith, Matthew R. H., & Witt, Gerald. J. & Identification of Real-Time Diagnostic Measures of Visual Distraction With an Automatic Eye Tracking System. Human Factors, Vol. 48, No. 4, Winter 2006, pp. 805-821.

Proceedings

• Lee, Y. C., Lee, J. D., & Boyle, L. N. (2005). Change detection performance under divided attention with dynamic driving scenarios. In L. N. Boyle, J. D. Lee, D. V. McGehee, M. Raby & M. Rizzo (Eds.), 3rd International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training, and Vehicle Design (pp. 195-201). Iowa City: University of Iowa Public Policy Center.
• Donmez, B., Boyle, L., & Lee, J. D. (2003). Taxonomy of mitigation strategies for driver distraction. In Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 47th Annual Meeting (pp. 1865-1869). Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
• Reyes, M. L., & Lee, J. D. (2004). The influence of IVIS distractions on tactical and control levels of driving performance. In Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (Vol. 2, pp. 2369-2373). Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
• Donmez, B., Boyle, L. and Lee, J. (2003) Taxonomy of mitigation strategies for driver distraction. In Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 47th Annual Meeting, Denver, CO, pp. 1865-1869.
• Reyes, M. L., & Lee, J. D. (2004). The influence of IVIS distractions on tactical and control levels of driving performance. In Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (Vol. 2, pp. 2369-2373). Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
• Lee, Y. C., Lee, J. D., & Boyle, L. N. (2005). Change detection performance under divided attention with dynamic driving scenarios. In L. N. Boyle, J. D. Lee, D. V. McGehee, M. Raby & M. Rizzo (Eds.), 3rd International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training, and Vehicle Design (pp. 195-201). Iowa City: University of Iowa Public Policy Center.
• Donmez, B., Boyle, L. and Lee, J. (2006) Driving simulator experiments: issues in power and sample size. To appear in Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 50th Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA.
• Green, P. (2004). Driver Distraction, Telematics Design, and Workload Managers: Safety Issues and Solutions. (SAE paper 2004-21-0022), Proceedings of the 2004 International Congress on Transportation Electronics (Convergence 2004, SAE publication P-387), 165-180. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.
• Green, P. (2006, to appear). Driver Status and Implications for Crash Safety (SAE paper 2006-21-0028), Convergence 2006 Proceedings, Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.

Presentations

• Kantowitz, Barry H. and Sandeep Premkumar, (2005) "Driver Response to Combinations of Telematic Devices." Presentation Delivered at the Twelfth World Congress on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2005. (http://trid.trb.org/view.aspx?id=767959)
• Smith, M. R. H., Zhang, H., Witt, G. J., & Lee, J. D. (2007). Driver State Assessment and Driver Support Systems. Presented at SAE World Congress (April, 2007), Detroit, Michigan. (Winner of Outstanding Contribution Award).
• Smith, M. R. H., Witt, G. J., & Bakowski, D. L. (2007). The application of real-time distraction monitoring to driver safety systems. Presented at NHTSA Human Factors Forum (January, 2007), Washington, DC.
• Zhang, H., Smith, M. R. H., & Witt, G. J. (2006). Driver State Assessment and Driver Support Systems. Presented at Convergence, Detroit Michigan.
• Zhang, H., Witt, G. J., & Smith, M. R. H. (2003) The SAVE-IT Research Program: A Human Factors Approach to Develop Adaptive Distraction and Safety Warning Countermeasures, SAE International Truck & Bus Meeting & Exhibition. Fort Worth, Texas. November.
• Zhang, H., Smith, M. R. H., & Witt, G. J. & (2006) Driver State Assessment and Driver Support Systems, Convergence, Detroit, Michigan. October.
• Smith, M. R. H., Zhang, H. & Witt, G. J. (2004) The SAVE-IT Research Program: Real-time distraction detection and forward collision warning. SAE Government/Industry Meeting, Washington, DC. May.
• Donmez, B., Boyle, L. and Lee, J. (2005) Accounting for the covariate effects in driving simulator studies. Presented at Joint Statistical Meeting, Minneapolis, MN. August. (Presenter: B. Donmez)
• Donmez, B., Boyle, L., Lee, J., and Scott, G. (2006) Assessing differences in young drivers’ engagement in distractions. Presented at 85th annual Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC. January. (Presenter: B. Donmez)
• Donmez, B., Boyle, L., Lee, J. (2006) Analysis of Driving Simulator Data: Important Statistical Considerations. Invited Presentation at 85th annual Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC. January.
• Eby, D.W. (2005). Safety Vehicles using Adaptive Interface Technology (SAVE-IT): A Program Overview. International Conference on Distracted Driving. Toronto, Ontario. October, 2005.
• Green, P. and Kishi, N. (2004). Assessing the Safety of Infotainment Systems Use While Driving: Practical Lessons from InfoMan, International Workshop on Progress and Future Direction of Adaptive Driver Assistance Research, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Transportation.

Book Chapters

• Donmez, B., Boyle, L. N., & Lee, J. D. (In press). Designing feedback to mitigate distraction. In M. A. Regan, J. D. Lee & K. L. Young (Eds.), Driver Distraction: Theory, Effects, and Mitigation. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
• Lee, J. D., Regan, M. A., & Young, K. L. (In press). Distraction as a breakdown of multi-level control at different time horizons. In M. A. Regan, J. D. Lee & K. L. Young (Eds.), Driver Distraction: Theory, Effects, and Mitigation. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
• Lee, J. D., Young, K. L., & Regan, M. A. (In press). Defining driver distraction. In M. A. Regan, J. D. Lee & K. L. Young (Eds.), Driver Distraction: Theory, Effects, and Mitigation. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
• Regan, M. A., Young, K. L., & Lee, J. D. (In press-b). Introduction and definitions of distraction. In M. A. Regan, J. D. Lee & K. L. Young (Eds.), Driver Distraction: Theory, Effects, and Mitigation. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
• Regan, M. A., Young, K. L., Lee, J. D., & Gordon, C. (In press). Sources of driver distraction. In M. A. Regan, J. D. Lee & K. L. Young (Eds.), Driver Distraction: Theory, Effects, and Mitigation. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
• Smith, M. R. H., Witt, G. J., Bakowski, D. L., Leblanc, D., & Lee, J. D. (In press). Adapting collision warnings to real-time estimates of driver distraction. In M. A. Regan, J. D. Lee & K. L. Young (Eds.), Driver Distraction: Theory, Effects, and Mitigation. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
• Young, K. L., Regan, M. A., & Lee, J. D. (In press-a). Factors moderating the impact of distraction on driving performance and safety. In M. A. Regan, J. D. Lee & K. L. Young (Eds.), Driver Distraction: Theory, Effects, and Mitigation. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
• Young, K. L., Regan, M. A., & Lee, J. D. (In press-c). Measuring the effects of driver distraction: Direct driving performance methods and measures. In M. A. Regan, J. D. Lee & K. L. Young (Eds.), Driver Distraction: Theory, Effects, and Mitigation. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
• Zhang, H., Smith, M. R. H., & Witt, G. J. (In press). Driving Task Demand-Based Distraction Mitigation. In M. A. Regan, J. D. Lee & K. L. Young (Eds.), Driver Distraction: Theory, Effects, and Mitigation.