Public/Private Partnerships
Engines for Innovation in Transportation
Table of Contents
Footnotes
1 Public/Private Partnerships: Implications for Innovation in Transportation, p.v. [ back ]
2"Science and Technology: Shaping the Twenty-First Century" U.S. Office of Science and Technology Policy, April 1997, p. 1. [ back ]
3This is a slightly revised version of the same section in the first edition of Public/Private Partnerships: Implications for Innovation in Transportation originally printed in December 1998 and reprinted in July 1999 (pp. 7-12). [ back ]
4"Going Global: The New Shape of American Innovation", Council on Competitiveness, September 1998, p. 9. [ back ]
5At the White House Conference Center, May 24, 1999. See http://www.dot.gov/affairs/52499sp1.htm [ back ]
6Ibid. [ back ]
7Ibid. pp. 136-140. [ back ]
8For additional information, see the National Science and Technology Council, Subcommittee on Transportation Research and Development, Transportation Technology Plan, November 1998. [ back ]
9For additional information, see the National Science and Technology Council, Subcommittee on Transportation Research and Development, Transportation Strategic Research Plan, May 1999. [ back ]
10Funding available from other governmental sources beyond the federal level is usually minor. For example, R&D support from state and local governments in a recent year was less than $400 million in comparison to a total national investment of more than $160 billion. [ back ]
11Ratchford, J. Thomas, "Science and Technology in Government and Industry: Whence and Whither?", Technology in Society 19, nos. 3-4, 1997, pp. 211-236. [ back ]
12Hane, Gerald J., Research and Development Consortia in Innovation in Japan, Cambridge MA: MIT Japan Program, 1992. [ back ]
13Office of Science and Technology Policy, Technology for a Sustainable Future: A Framework for Action, April 1994, p. 92. [ back ]
14EPACT defines alternative fuels as: methanol, denatured ethanol, natural gas, propane, hydrogen, coal-derived liquid fuels, biologically-based fuels, and electricity. [ back ]
15These are listed in Taking an Alternative Route: Fueling the Future, U.S. DOE, 1997, pp. 18-20. [ back ]
16A good summary of this information can be found in Transportation Statistics Annual Report 1996, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. DOT, pp. 95-96. [ back ]
17Taking an Alternative Route: Fueling the Future, p.6. [ back ]
18These program managers are located in Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, Philadelphia, San Francisco, and Seattle. [ back ]
19As listed in U.S. DOE, Clean Cities Facts, April 1999, pp. 2-3. [ back ]
20These projects are listed in a very useful pamphlet issued by the U.S. DOE, Applying for and Using CMAQ Funds, Putting the Pieces Together: A Clean Cities Guide, May 1997, pp. 62-82. [ back ]
21 1998 Fraunhofer USA Annual Report, p. 14. [ back ]
22 Ibid, pp. 20-21. [ back ]
23 Ibid, pp. 32, 35. [ back ]
24U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Technology Policy, The Fraunhofer Society: A Unique German Contract Research Organization Comes to America, August 1998, p. 21. This chapter draws extensively from this source. [ back ]
25Ibid. [ back ]
26Ibid, p. 50. [ back ]
27Ibid, p. 27. [ back ]
28Ibid, p. 63. [ back ]
29These and other related reports can be found on the Internet at http://scitech.dot.gov/policy/nstc.html. [ back ]
30Public/Private Partnerships: Implications for Innovation in Transportation, December 1998. [ back ]
31Public/Private Partnerships: Implications for Innovation in Transportation, December 1998. [ back ]
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